A pinguecula is a common, non-cancerous growth of the mucus membrane lining the eyeball and underside of the eyelids (conjunctiva). It appears as a yellowish, slightly raised nodule that forms on the surface of the white part of the eye (sclera) close to the edge of the cornea.

The cause is unknown but chronic sunlight exposure and eye irritation may contribute to its development. Welding is a significant occupational risk.

A pinguecula can appear on either side of the cornea, but usually appears on the nose (nasal) side. It may increase in size over many years. It usually does not have any significant symptoms unless it becomes irritated, causing pingueculitis.

Pingueculitis refers to a condition in which the pinguecula becomes vascularized and inflammed and causes symptoms of eye redness and irritation. In severe cases of pingue, very small ulcerations may occur within the (conjunctival) epithelium. The eye responds to this ulceration by attempting to cover the resulting erosion, which leads to pterygium formation. A ptergium is a wing-like growth that may extend across the white of the eye toward the the cornea.

An eye examination is often enough to diagnose this disorder.

Usually no treatment is needed. Lubrication with artificial tears, and sometimes the temporary use of mild steroid eye drops can be helpful.

Unless a pinguecula becomes inflammed, these growths usually do not have any complications. It is not known whether this condition can be prevented although it may help to wear good quality sunglasses and avoid eye irritants. If a pterygium forms following pingueculitis, surgical removal of the growth may become necessary if blurred vision or irritation develop. Recurrence is a common problem.

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